All methods

Galvanic

IP/ERTInduced Polarisation / Electrical Resistivity Tomography

Galvanic current injection for resistivity and chargeability sections

Frequency band

DC - 10 Hz

Depth range

2 - 500 m

Resolution

High near surface, degrades with depth

Source

Injected DC / low-frequency current

Typical cost

Low to moderate

Survey speed

Slow - electrodes must be planted

Best terrain

Ground where electrodes can be coupled

Domain

Galvanic

Overview

Current is injected through two electrodes and the potential measured across others. Resistivity comes from the steady-state voltage; chargeability comes from the decaying voltage after the current is switched off, which responds to disseminated sulphides and clay.

How the physics works

Apparent resistivity is the measured transfer resistance multiplied by a geometric factor for the array. Building up many overlapping quadripoles produces a pseudosection that is inverted to a true resistivity and chargeability model.

Where it is used

  • Disseminated sulphide and porphyry copper exploration
  • Groundwater, saline intrusion and landfill studies
  • Engineering site investigation and bedrock depth
  • Contaminant plume delineation

Other methods